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A study about Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810) could only be based on an biographical reconstruction's attempt, in order to present the publisher-philosopher in an integral way. This dissertation is designed to develop on several topics in order to mix Naigeon's life with some "cultural" events that affected his life. Each chapter proposes the development of one of the founding themes of the Enlightenment, trying to build a dialogue between the existence of the philosopher and the interpretations provided by the most advanced historiography.The studies mention Jacques-André Naigeon giving the image of a character entirely subordinated to his two tutelary gods, Diderot and d'Holbach, while, instead, on closer inspection, Naigeon is not completely confused with the figures of his master and his "colleague", and his personal thinking (especially his atheism and his materialism) is not uninteresting.Throughout his life, Naigeon was an encyclopedist; "éditeur"; he even tried to earn political credit, at the debut of the Revolution, by writing a furious writing against some concepts of the Déclaration des droits de l'homme and sending it to the first Assemblée Nationale; he assumed the role of chief editor of the Philosophie ancienne et moderne's section of the Encyclopédie Méthodique; at the end, he became a member of the Institut de France in 1795. He frequented many prominent personalities, so that he could thus feel all the disappointment of an intellectual who was integrated into the cultural system but at the same time was completely neutralized. The silence and secrets of his later years are far more significant and full of meaning than what one might think. ; Une étude sur Jacques–André Naigeon (1735-1810) ne pouvait se baser que sur une tentative de reconstitution de son vécu, afin de présenter l'éditeur-philosophe dans son intégralité. La thèse est pensée sur plusieurs strates dans le but de faire se croiser la vie de Naigeon avec quelques épisodes qui ont marqué son action. Chaque chapitre propose le ...

Il presente lavoro costituisce una biografia intellettuale di Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810), importante figura del secolo dei Lumi francese. Biografo e primo editore di Diderot, Naigeon fu testimone privilegiato delle innumerevoli vicende politiche, sociali e culturali che sconvolsero la società francese. Ateo convinto, editore infaticabile, fine conoscitore della letteratura clandestina, il giovane Naigeon fece in tempo a collaborare agli ultimi volumi dell'Encyclopédie e a partecipare, con il barone d'Holbach, alla propagazione di numerosi scritti eterodossi, materialisti e ferocemente anti-clericali; dopo la Rivoluzione – la quale lo spinse alla riflessione ma non ad un'attività politica propriamente detta – fu integrato dalla cultura "ufficiale" tramite l'elezione presso l'Institut de France: ma nonostante alcuni lavori editoriali di grande pregio, Naigeon resterà esclusivamente la testimonianza vivente di una stagione culturale ormai irripetibile.

A study about Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810) could only be based on an biographical reconstruction's attempt, in order to present the publisher-philosopher in an integral way. This dissertation is designed to develop on several topics in order to mix Naigeon's life with some "cultural" events that affected his life. Each chapter proposes the development of one of the founding themes of the Enlightenment, trying to build a dialogue between the existence of the philosopher and the interpretations provided by the most advanced historiography.The studies mention Jacques-André Naigeon giving the image of a character entirely subordinated to his two tutelary gods, Diderot and d'Holbach, while, instead, on closer inspection, Naigeon is not completely confused with the figures of his master and his "colleague", and his personal thinking (especially his atheism and his materialism) is not uninteresting.Throughout his life, Naigeon was an encyclopedist; "éditeur"; he even tried to earn political credit, at the debut of the Revolution, by writing a furious writing against some concepts of the Déclaration des droits de l'homme and sending it to the first Assemblée Nationale; he assumed the role of chief editor of the Philosophie ancienne et moderne's section of the Encyclopédie Méthodique; at the end, he became a member of the Institut de France in 1795. He frequented many prominent personalities, so that he could thus feel all the disappointment of an intellectual who was integrated into the cultural system but at the same time was completely neutralized. The silence and secrets of his later years are far more significant and full of meaning than what one might think. ; Une étude sur Jacques–André Naigeon (1735-1810) ne pouvait se baser que sur une tentative de reconstitution de son vécu, afin de présenter l'éditeur-philosophe dans son intégralité. La thèse est pensée sur plusieurs strates dans le but de faire se croiser la vie de Naigeon avec quelques épisodes qui ont marqué son action. Chaque chapitre propose le ...

A study about Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810) could only be based on an biographical reconstruction's attempt, in order to present the publisher-philosopher in an integral way. This dissertation is designed to develop on several topics in order to mix Naigeon's life with some "cultural" events that affected his life. Each chapter proposes the development of one of the founding themes of the Enlightenment, trying to build a dialogue between the existence of the philosopher and the interpretations provided by the most advanced historiography.The studies mention Jacques-André Naigeon giving the image of a character entirely subordinated to his two tutelary gods, Diderot and d'Holbach, while, instead, on closer inspection, Naigeon is not completely confused with the figures of his master and his "colleague", and his personal thinking (especially his atheism and his materialism) is not uninteresting.Throughout his life, Naigeon was an encyclopedist; "éditeur"; he even tried to earn political credit, at the debut of the Revolution, by writing a furious writing against some concepts of the Déclaration des droits de l'homme and sending it to the first Assemblée Nationale; he assumed the role of chief editor of the Philosophie ancienne et moderne's section of the Encyclopédie Méthodique; at the end, he became a member of the Institut de France in 1795. He frequented many prominent personalities, so that he could thus feel all the disappointment of an intellectual who was integrated into the cultural system but at the same time was completely neutralized. The silence and secrets of his later years are far more significant and full of meaning than what one might think. ; Une étude sur Jacques–André Naigeon (1735-1810) ne pouvait se baser que sur une tentative de reconstitution de son vécu, afin de présenter l'éditeur-philosophe dans son intégralité. La thèse est pensée sur plusieurs strates dans le but de faire se croiser la vie de Naigeon avec quelques épisodes qui ont marqué son action. Chaque chapitre propose le ...

[Italiano]: Il presente lavoro costituisce una biografia intellettuale di Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810), importante figura del secolo dei Lumi francese. Biografo e primo editore di Diderot, Naigeon fu testimone privilegiato delle innumerevoli vicende politiche, sociali e culturali che sconvolsero la società francese. Ateo convinto, editore infaticabile, fine conoscitore della letteratura clandestina, il giovane Naigeon fece in tempo a collaborare agli ultimi volumi dell'Encyclopédie e a partecipare, con il barone d'Holbach, alla propagazione di numerosi scritti eterodossi, materialisti e ferocemente anti-clericali; dopo la Rivoluzione – la quale lo spinse alla riflessione ma non ad un'attività politica propriamente detta – fu integrato dalla cultura "ufficiale" tramite l'elezione presso l'Institut de France: ma nonostante alcuni lavori editoriali di grande pregio, Naigeon resterà esclusivamente la testimonianza vivente di una stagione culturale ormai irripetibile ./[English]:This work aims at being an intellectual biography of Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810), an important figure of French Enlightenment. Not only was he very close to Diderot - of whom he was biographer and editor - but he was also a privileged witness of the countless political, social and cultural events that led to the French Revolution. Besides being a convinced atheist, a tireless publisher, a fine connoisseur of Clandestine literature, Naigeon had the opportunity to collaborate in writing the last volumes of the Encyclopédie and to participate in the propagation of heterodox, materialistic and fiercely anti-clerical writings. After the Revolution - at the beginning of which he tried in vain to make himself heard by the Assemblée Nationale - he was then integrated into the "official" culture through the election at the Institut de France: however, even if he is the author of some prestigious works, Naigeon remains exclusively the living testimony of a now unrepeatable cultural season.

Uno studio su Jacques-André Naigeon (1735-1810) non poteva che basarsi su di un tentativo di ricostruzione biografico, al fine di presentare l'editore-filosofo in maniera integrale. La tesi è pensata per svilupparsi su più fronti, in modo da far dialogare la vita di Naigeon con alcuni eventi "culturali" che più hanno inciso sul suo incedere. Ogni capitolo propone lo sviluppo di uno dei temi fondanti del secolo dei Lumi francese, cercando di costruire un dialogo tra l'esistenza del filosofo e le chiavi di lettura fornite dalla storiografia più avanzata. Gli studi menzionano Jacques-André Naigeon dandone l'immagine di un personaggio del tutto subordinato ai suoi due numi tutelari, Diderot e d'Holbach, ma, invece, ad uno sguardo più attento, Naigeon non si confonde del tutto con le figure del suo maestro e del suo "collega", e il pensiero personale, in particolare il suo ateismo e materialismo, non è privo di interesse. Nel corso della sua vita, Naigeon fu enciclopedista; editore; tentò inoltre di accreditarsi politicamente, al debutto della Rivoluzione, rivolgendo un furioso scritto contro alcuni concetti della Déclaration des droits de l'homme e inviandolo alla prima Assemblée Nationale; assunse il ruolo di editore capo della sezione di Philosophie ancienne et moderne dell'Encyclopédie Méthodique; divenne, infine, membro, nel 1795, dell'Institut de France. Frequentò molti personaggi in vista, e poté così sentire su di sé tutta la delusione di un intelletuale il quale fu integrato nel sistema culturale per essere completamente neutralizzato. Il silenzio e i segreti dei suoi ultimi anni sono molto più significativi e carichi di senso di ciò che si potrebbe pensare.

En este artículo consideramos un problema específico de formación de opiniones: si los agentes sociales que califican un producto o servicio con una escala de opiniones discretas valoradas (por ejemplo, una escala de Likert) están conectados entre sí formando una red, real o virtual, ¿bajo qué condiciones pueden converger sus opiniones? Para abordar este problema, proponemos un modelo computacionalmente simple para la dinámica de opiniones discretas valoradas en una red de agentes que poseen un umbral para la interacción o comunicación entre ellos. El valor del umbral se interpreta como el nivel de tolerancia necesario para que ocurra una interacción entre agentes. Investigamos la influencia del umbral de tolerancia y de la topología de la red subyacente en el comportamiento colectivo del sistema. En redes complejas con conectividad local, incluyendo redes bidimensionales, redes de pequeño mundo, redes aleatorias y redes fractales surgen dos fases o estados colectivos diferentes, separados por un cierto valor crítico del umbral: (i) una fase caracterizada por la persistencia de diversidad de opiniones para valores del umbral menores que el valor crítico, y (ii) una fase en la que prevalece una opinión mayoritaria cuando el valor del umbral es mayor que el valor crítico. La fase diversa no surge en redes con conectividad global. Nuestros resultados permiten establecer condiciones para la emergencia de consenso o de polarización en sistemas sujetos a opiniones valoradas discretas.